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casbin

An authorization library that supports access control models like ACL, RBAC, ABAC in Python

Rank: #3826Downloads: 1,258,149 (30 days)
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Description

PyCasbin

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<p align="center"> <sup>Sponsored by</sup> <br> <a href="https://stytch.com/docs?utm_source=oss-sponsorship&utm_medium=paid_sponsorship&utm_campaign=casbin"> <picture> <source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="https://cdn.casbin.org/img/stytch-white.png"> <source media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" srcset="https://cdn.casbin.org/img/stytch-charcoal.png"> <img src="https://cdn.casbin.org/img/stytch-charcoal.png" width="275"> </picture> </a><br/> <a href="https://stytch.com/docs?utm_source=oss-sponsorship&utm_medium=paid_sponsorship&utm_campaign=casbin"><b>Build auth with fraud prevention, faster.</b><br/> Try Stytch for API-first authentication, user & org management, multi-tenant SSO, MFA, device fingerprinting, and more.</a> <br> </p>

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<a href="https://casdoor.org/"><img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/3787410/147868267-6ac74908-5654-4f9c-ac79-8852af9ff925.png" alt="casdoor" style="width: 50%; height: 50%"/></a>

News: 🔥 How to use it with Django ? Try Django Authorization, an authorization library for Django framework.

News: Async is now supported by Pycasbin >= 1.23.0!

News: still worry about how to write the correct Casbin policy? Casbin online editor is coming to help! Try it at: http://casbin.org/editor/

Casbin is a powerful and efficient open-source access control library for Python projects. It provides support for enforcing authorization based on various access control models.

All the languages supported by Casbin:

golangjavanodejsphp
CasbinjCasbinnode-CasbinPHP-Casbin
production-readyproduction-readyproduction-readyproduction-ready
pythondotnetc++rust
PyCasbinCasbin.NETCasbin-CPPCasbin-RS
production-readyproduction-readybeta-testproduction-ready

Table of contents

Supported models

  1. ACL (Access Control List)
  2. ACL with superuser
  3. ACL without users: especially useful for systems that don't have authentication or user log-ins.
  4. ACL without resources: some scenarios may target for a type of resources instead of an individual resource by using permissions like write-article, read-log. It doesn't control the access to a specific article or log.
  5. RBAC (Role-Based Access Control)
  6. RBAC with resource roles: both users and resources can have roles (or groups) at the same time.
  7. RBAC with domains/tenants: users can have different role sets for different domains/tenants.
  8. ABAC (Attribute-Based Access Control): syntax sugar like resource.Owner can be used to get the attribute for a resource.
  9. RESTful: supports paths like /res/*, /res/:id and HTTP methods like GET, POST, PUT, DELETE.
  10. Deny-override: both allow and deny authorizations are supported, deny overrides the allow.
  11. Priority: the policy rules can be prioritized like firewall rules.

How it works?

In Casbin, an access control model is abstracted into a CONF file based on the PERM metamodel (Policy, Effect, Request, Matchers). So switching or upgrading the authorization mechanism for a project is just as simple as modifying a configuration. You can customize your own access control model by combining the available models. For example, you can get RBAC roles and ABAC attributes together inside one model and share one set of policy rules.

The most basic and simplest model in Casbin is ACL. ACL's model CONF is:

# Request definition
[request_definition]
r = sub, obj, act

# Policy definition
[policy_definition]
p = sub, obj, act

# Policy effect
[policy_effect]
e = some(where (p.eft == allow))

# Matchers
[matchers]
m = r.sub == p.sub && r.obj == p.obj && r.act == p.act

An example policy for ACL model is like:

p, alice, data1, read
p, bob, data2, write

It means:

  • alice can read data1
  • bob can write data2

We also support multi-line mode by appending '\' in the end:

# Matchers
[matchers]
m = r.sub == p.sub && r.obj == p.obj \ 
  && r.act == p.act

Further more, if you are using ABAC, you can try operator in like following in Casbin golang edition (jCasbin and Node-Casbin are not supported yet):

# Matchers
[matchers]
m = r.obj == p.obj && r.act == p.act || r.obj in ('data2', 'data3')

But you SHOULD make sure that the length of the array is MORE than 1, otherwise there will cause it to panic.

For more operators, you may take a look at govaluate

Features

What Casbin does:

  1. enforce the policy in the classic {subject, object, action} form or a customized form as you defined, both allow and deny authorizations are supported.
  2. handle the storage of the access control model and its policy.
  3. manage the role-user mappings and role-role mappings (aka role hierarchy in RBAC).
  4. support built-in superuser like root or administrator. A superuser can do anything without explict permissions.
  5. multiple built-in operators to support the rule matching. For example, keyMatch can map a resource key /foo/bar to the pattern /foo*.

What Casbin does NOT do:

  1. authentication (aka verify username and password when a user logs in)
  2. manage the list of users or roles. I believe it's more convenient for the project itself to manage these entities. Users usually have their passwords, and Casbin is not designed as a password container. However, Casbin stores the user-role mapping for the RBAC scenario.

Installation

pip install casbin

Documentation

https://casbin.org/docs/overview

Online editor

You can also use the online editor (http://casbin.org/editor/) to write your Casbin model and policy in your web browser. It provides functionality such as syntax highlighting and code completion, just like an IDE for a programming language.

Tutorials

https://casbin.org/docs/tutorials

Get started

  1. New a Casbin enforcer with a model file and a policy file:
import casbin
e = casbin.Enforcer("path/to/model.conf", "path/to/policy.csv")

Note: you can also initialize an enforcer with policy in DB instead of file, see Policy persistence section for details.

  1. Add an enforcement hook into your code right before the access happens:
sub = "alice"  # the user that wants to access a resource.
obj = "data1"  # the resource that is going to be accessed.
act = "read"  # the operation that the user performs on the resource.

if e.enforce(sub, obj, act):
    # permit alice to read data1
    pass
else:
    # deny the request, show an error
    pass
  1. Besides the static policy file, Casbin also provides API for permission management at run-time. For example, You can get all the roles assigned to a user as below:
roles = e.get_roles_for_user("alice")

See Policy management APIs for more usage.

  1. Please refer to the tests files for more usage.

Policy management

Casbin provides two sets of APIs to ma